Jewish Amer. Society for Historic Preservation

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Alabama - Kansas

Mobile, Alabama

Tuskegee, Alabama

Little Rock, Arkansas

L.R. - Broncho Billy -AR

Cotopaxi, Colorado

Leadville, Colorado

Trinidad, Colorado

Cong. Medal of Honor

Groton, Connecticut

Wilmington, Delaware

Micanopy, Fl.

Palm Beach County, Fl.

Pensacola, Fl.

Anti-lynching Memorial

Macon, Georgia

Boise, Idaho

Cahokia, Illinois

Keokuk, Iowa

New Orleans, La. -1

New Orleans, La. -2

Kansas City, WWI Museum

Leavenworth, Kansas

Salina, Kansas

Patton Museum - Kentucky

Md. - Pa.

Bangor, Maine

Annapolis, Md.

Cumberland, Maryland

Hagerstown, Maryland

Montgomery Cnty, Maryland

Norbeck, Maryland

St. Paul, Minnesota

Gen. Order #11, H.S., Ms.

Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Ms.

Jackson, Mississippi

Natchez, Mississippi

Helena, Montana April, 2001

Roosevelt, New Jersey

Buffalo, New York

Pound Ridge, New York

Omaha, Nebraska

Virginia City, Nevada

Virginia City, Nevada -2

Las Vegas, N.M.

Portsmouth, New Hampshire

Burgaw, North Carolina

Ashley, North Dakota

Bonanzaville, N.D.

Valley City, North Dakota

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Glendale, Oregon

S. Dakota - Wyoming

Lancaster, Pa.

Deadwood, South Dakota

Mt. Rushmore, South Dakot

Mt. Rushmore, S.D. -2

Sioux Falls, South Dakota

Knoxville, Tennessee

Memphis, Tennessee

Clarion, Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah

Wild Horse Butte, Utah

Charleston, W. Va.

Rectortown, Va.

Richmond, Va.

Warrenton, Va.

Cheney, Washingon

Spokane, Washington

Cheyenne, Wyoming

Leo Frank - Gov. Slaton

International Programs

Adam Worth - London

Bill Bernstein, Israel

Buchenwald - Little Camp

Exodus Memorial - Israel

Shmuel Cohen - Israel

Harry Errington - London

Rev. W. Hechler - London

Machal Memorial, Israel

Paramaribo, Suriname

Paramaribo - Holocaust

Joan Winters - Jerualem

Col. John Henry Patterson

The Last Herzl

Pavers

Pavers/Bricks Honoring -

American Holocaust Mem.

Hero Miles

Am. Jewish History

Blogs

Boynton Beach Chronicles

Zionism and Israel

Article Submissions

Gen. U.S. Grant





General order # 11 
 
Considered the worst anti-Semitic Government act in American history. 

Union General Ulysses S. Grant, frustrated by illegal smuggling of cotton for war materials conducted by Northern and Southern speculators, issued General Order #11 from Holly Springs. The order explicitly focused on Jews, anywhere within Tennessee, Mississippi, and Kentucky, whether they were involved in smuggling or not.  
“The Jews, as a ‘class’ violating every regulation of trade established by the Treasury Department and also Department orders, are hereby expelled from the Department [of the Tennessee] within twenty-four hours from the receipt of this order…and any returning…will be arrested.” 
Cesar J. Kaskel, a Jewish Union supporter from Paducah, Kentucky, quickly organized a delegation protesting Grant’s order to meet with President Lincoln. January 4, 1863, Lincoln, recognizing the anti-Semitic character of the order, rescinded it immediately. Ironically, it was four days after he had signed the Emancipation Proclamation ending Slavery.  
The economic impact of the order on Jewish Americans was nominal.  The socio-psychological impact upon Jews and America was much greater.  
City of Holly Springs 
Marshall County Historical Museum 
Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation 


General Order#11

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